Understanding Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that causes the ventricles in the brain to become enlarged, often without increased intracranial pressure. This can lead to walking difficulties, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairments.

Symptoms of NPH:

• Gait Disturbance: The most common early sign, manifesting as difficulty walking or a feeling of the feet being stuck.
• Cognitive Decline: Mild dementia including memory loss, difficulty problem-solving, and a general slowing of mental faculties.
• Urinary Incontinence: Urgency or difficulty in controlling the bladder, typically occurring later in the disease progression.

Diagnostic Techniques:

• MRI or CT Scans: Imaging tests to visualize the enlargement of brain ventricles and rule out other causes.
• Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): To remove a small amount of CSF, which can temporarily improve symptoms and help confirm the diagnosis.
• Neuropsychological Testing: Assesses the cognitive function of patients suspected of having NPH.

Treatment Options:

• Surgical Intervention: The primary treatment for NPH is the surgical insertion of a shunt system, which drains excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed.
• Physical and Occupational Therapy: To improve mobility and assist with daily activities.
• Regular Monitoring and Follow-Up: Essential to adjust shunt settings and manage symptoms effectively.

Advanced Technologies Used in Diagnosis and Treatment at Our Clinic:

• Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP): Helps evaluate how NPH affects a patient’s ability to maintain balance.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG): While not directly diagnostic for NPH, it helps rule out other neurological disorders.
• Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMP): Assesses the impact of NPH on balance and vestibular functions.

Living with NPH:Managing NPH involves a combination of treatments tailored to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life:

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Including safety modifications at home to prevent falls.
• Supportive Care: Counseling and support for patients and caregivers to handle the challenges of NPH.